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<b><i>Part One of a Two-Part Series.</i></b> Last December, the Pennsylvania Superior Court handed a sharp blow to pharmaceutical liability plaintiffs' lawyers in the state who have consistently argued that a 'heeding presumption' should apply to their failure-to-warn claims and, in effect, relieve them of the burden of proving causation. A unanimous three-member panel upheld the decision of the trial court awarding summary judgment to the defendant because the plaintiff 'presented no evidence that a different warning would have changed [the prescribing physician's] decision to prescribe [the drug at issue] for Appellant.' <i>Lineberger v. Wyeth</i>, 2006 PA Super. 35, at *24 (Pa. Super. Ct., Feb. 23, 2006).
The Bush administration has adopted a new tactic in its ongoing efforts to create liability shields on behalf of various industries, including the pharmaceutical industry. Despite a number of failed legislative attempts at tort reform, on Jan. 18, the administration quietly enacted its own liability-shield agenda under the guise of federal pre-emption. A new U.S. Food and Drug Administration ('FDA') rule titled <i>'Final Rule: Requirements on Content and Format of Labeling for Human Prescription Drug and Biological Products'</i> (21 C.F.R. 201, 314 and 601), which goes into effect on June 30, 2006, extensively modifies the format of prescription drug information, commonly referred to as the 'package insert' and published in the Physician's Desk Reference', and will come with an attempt at broad federal pre-emption.
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<b><i>Part Two of a Two-Part Series.</i></b> The plaintiff's burden of proof in a 'crashworthiness case' is dramatically higher than in the standard product liability action. In the automotive context, these cases are sometimes referred to as 'second collision' cases because the manufacturer's liability is based not upon the 'first collision' between the vehicles involved in the accident, but upon the 'second collision' comprised of the physical contact made between the plaintiff's body and the vehicle's interior. Generally, in a crashworthiness case, the plaintiff must prove that the alleged defect enhanced his or her injuries beyond what would have otherwise been sustained in the collision. A failure to meet the weighty burden of proof in a crashworthiness case can be fatal to one's case. The first part of this two-part series discussed a recent New York case, <i>Katz v. Ford Motor Company and Hempstead Ford, Inc.</i>, No. 18933-00 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., Suffolk Cty., Dec. 7, 2005), and the definition of crashworthiness. The second part addresses whether the crashworthiness doctrine applies to a 'failure to deploy' case, how to charge the jury, and how to apportion the damages among tort-feasors.
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A straightforward reading of the existing on-sale bar law suggests that companies and inventors, particularly in the software industry, may be unwittingly putting their inventions on sale by agreeing to deliver future improvements or versions of their product to their customers. This is a consequence of the initially counterintuitive principle that an invention may be put on sale by a contract or offer made before the invention even exists. This principle will often apply in the context of 'upgrade' contracts, where a seller contracts, at the time of a sale, to provide future 'upgrades' to a product. In that situation, the seller's pre-existing obligation to provide the invention as an 'upgrade' can put the invention on sale, even though the obligation arose before the invention was conceived.
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Pizza Hut's largest U.S. franchisee, NPC International, settled a complaint under the Americans with Disabilities Act ('ADA') on March 28 that will result in extensive remedial work at many of NPC's 775 franchised restaurants. Under the agreement, NPC will ensure proper accessibility of all of its Pizza Hut properties for parking lots, entrances, seating areas, bathrooms, self-service counters, and other spaces and elements. It will also survey and evaluate all NPC-owned facilities that are subject to the ADA's more stringent new construction and alterations standards at the time of their construction or alteration, bring them into full compliance, and incorporate training of personnel and store managers for future compliance.
In this Q&A, FBLA talks with Robert Boulter and Ryan Knoll, the founders of FranchisePundit.com, a blog and discussion forum that covers business and legal issues in franchising. Since its inception in April 2005, visitor traffic to Franchise Pundit (www.franchisepundit.com) has grown exponentially, as franchisees, prospective franchisees, and franchisors read and respond to its no-nonsense, practical advice and observations.
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If professional development has not found its way into a lawyer's practice and values, compliance with state CLE requirements is forcing a change. A growing number of states call upon lawyers to report their professional development activities and some states require stress management, substance abuse, or ethics education, as well as learning in a substantive area of law. There are also lessons from the larger firms: professional development is good for business and commonly used to market the firm's expertise.
A former employee of scandal-plagued software giant Computer Associates, who claims she was fired for cooperating with an internal investigation, may sue the law firm hired by the company to represent her for legal malpractice based on alleged conflicts of interest, a Long Island judge has ruled.
