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Vague Claim Construction Rules Lead to Reversals
Why can't federal trial judges figure out what patents mean? As it held en banc in Cybor Corp. v. FAS Technologies, Inc., 138 F3d 1448 (Fed. Cir. 1998), district court rulings on claim construction ' interpretations of the meaning of patent claims ' are reviewed de novo as questions of law by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. A recent study concluded that more than 40% of all claim construction rulings reviewed by the Federal Circuit in 2001 were reversed in whole or part. Andrew T. Zidel, “Patent Claim Construction in the Trial Courts: A Study Showing the Need for Clear Guidance from the Federal Circuit,” 33 Seton Hall L. Rev. 711 (2003). While other studies have reported lower numbers, this percentage is in line with a survey cited in Judge Rader's dissenting opinion in Cybor. Judge Randall R. Rader wrote then that a “reversal rate, hovering near 50%, is the worst possible. Even a rate that was much higher would provide greater certainty.”
Claim construction isn't easy ' particularly for a non-scientist ' and trial judges will never accumulate the patent law experience of judges on the Federal Circuit. Beyond these issues, however, are the Federal Circuit's rules of claim construction too confusing? Does the Federal Circuit tinker too much with lower court rulings, like a senior lawyer who rewrites everything he receives from an associate?
The DOJ's Corporate Enforcement Policy: One Year Later
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
The DOJ's New Parameters for Evaluating Corporate Compliance Programs
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
Use of Deferred Prosecution Agreements In White Collar Investigations
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
A Lawyer's System for Active Reading
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.
Bankruptcy Sales: Finding a Diamond In the Rough
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.