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Enforcing Arbitration Clauses in 'Hidden' or Unlawful Franchise Agreements

By Charles Miller
September 16, 2003

Licensors, manufacturers, and other businesses that find themselves as unwitting franchisors face interesting issues when they attempt to enforce an arbitration clause. Most registration states will usually have statutory provisions that declare that the sale of an unregistered franchise or the sale of a franchise without the required disclosure is unlawful. See, e.g., Cal. Corp. Code ” 31110, 31119; 815 Ill.Comp.Stat. ' 705/5; N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law ' 683.1; Wash. Rev. Code ' 19.100.020.(1). However, in the usual case, the sale is not declared to be void, but is voidable through an action for rescission. See, e.g. Cal. Corp. Code ” 31300; Wash. Rev. Code ' 19.100.190(2); N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law ' 691; 815 Ill.Comp.Stat. ' 705/26.

When the putative franchisee sues in court, it can be expected that it will attempt to maximize the remedies allowed by the registration laws, such as rescission and/or statutory penalties. If the challenged agreement has an arbitration clause, it is likely that the unwitting franchisor will petition a state or federal court to compel arbitration. It can be expected that the putative franchisee will resist such an attempt by claiming that the contract is an illegal franchise agreement and thus the arbitration clause cannot be enforced.

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