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California's Prop 65 Trumped By FDA, But On Narrow Grounds
The truth is apparently no defense for the state when it comes to issuing warning labels for nicotine gums and patches. Recently, the California Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Dowhal v. SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare, 04 C.D.O.S. 3259 that federal regulations trump state statutes when it comes to putting pregnant women on alert about the possible dangers of Nicorette' and other nicotine-replacement therapies — even if the state warnings are legitimate. “Whether a label is potentially misleading or incomprehensible is essentially a judgment of how the consumer will respond to the language of the label,” Justice Joyce Kennard wrote. “A truthful warning of an uncertain or remote danger may mislead the consumer into misjudging the dangers stemming from the use of the product, and consequently making a medically unwise decision.”
The decision represents a victory for the federal Food and Drug Administration, which had argued that California went too far by identifying the nicotine in smoking-reduction gums and patches as a chemical known to “cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.” State regulators were complying with Proposition 65, the 18-year-old Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Substances Act now codified as Health and Safety Code Section 25249.6.
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Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Stranger to the Deed Rule
In 1987, a unanimous Court of Appeals reaffirmed the vitality of the "stranger to the deed" rule, which holds that if a grantor executes a deed to a grantee purporting to create an easement in a third party, the easement is invalid. Daniello v. Wagner, decided by the Second Department on November 29th, makes it clear that not all grantors (or their lawyers) have received the Court of Appeals' message, suggesting that the rule needs re-examination.