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Personal Injury Settlements with Minors: Avoiding Potential Pitfalls

By Ruth A. Bahe-Jachna
September 03, 2004

You are involved in a products liability matter where one or more of the plaintiffs is a minor, which, in most jurisdictions, is a child under the age of 18. As with most claims, there is a strong likelihood that the ultimate resolution will be a settlement among the parties. Regardless of which party you represent, there are special considerations that come into play when a release and settlement involve a minor. Awareness of these considerations will greatly increase the chances that the release and settlement will withstand any future challenge.

Who Has Authority to Settle on a Minor's Behalf?

The general rule is that a parent has no legal authority to release, waive, or compromise his/her own child's legal claims absent either court approval or some statutory grant of authority. See, e.g., 67A C.J.S. Parent and Child '275 (2002) (“In the absence of statutory or judicial authorization, a parent has no authority, merely because of the parental relation, to waive, release, or compromise claims by or against his or her child.”); Mastroianni v. Curtis, 397 N.E.2d 56 (Ill. App. Ct. 1979). This rule applies specifically to claims for personal injuries or other torts. 67A C.J.S. Parent and Child '276 (2002). Thus, the parent-child relationship alone is insufficient to create legal authority on the part of the parent to enter into a binding settlement and release of the child's personal injury claims.

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