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Carvel's Supermarket Sales Program Was Not Tortious Interference
Several Carvel franchisees sued Carvel Corporation in federal court, complaining of the distribution of Carvel's products through supermarkets that competed with the franchisees. Juries awarded damages to three franchisees on tort and contract claims, and Carvel appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. That court certified the question of whether the franchisees had a valid tort claim for “interference with prospective economic relations” to the New York Court of Appeals, which has held that they do not have such a claim. Carvel Corporation v. Elizabeth A. Noonan, et al., __ N.E.2d __, 2004 WL 2320368 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2004).
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.