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International Arbitration and State Regulation: The Interaction Between the McCarran-Ferguson Act and the New York Convention

By Kenneth W. Erickson and Bryan R. Diederich
December 30, 2004

Direct insurance contracts, like other commercial agreements, can be structured to provide for arbitration as the chosen means of dispute resolution. See, e.g., Michael Ha, Arbitration Boosts Efficiency: Alliance, National Underwriter, March 17, 2003. Despite the perceived efficiencies of arbitration, some groups have pushed for widespread regulation of the use of arbitration clauses in commercial insurance contracts. See Mandatory Arbitration on NAIC Agenda, Insurance Chronicle, Feb. 3, 2003. Thus far, those opposed to arbitration clauses in insurance contracts have focused their efforts on persuading individual state regulators to restrict or ban the inclusion of mandatory arbitration clauses. See id.

The presumed primacy of state authorities in insurance regulation is grounded in the McCarran-Ferguson Act, 15 U.S.C. ”1011-1015. Consequently, there may be situations where a federal policy in favor of arbitration yields to state regulations that forbid the practice in the specific context of insurance contracts. See, e.g., National Home Ins. Co. v. King, 291 F. Supp. 2d 518, 529-30 (E.D. Ky. 2003) (gathering leading cases). That view often relies on the McCarran-Ferguson Act statement that “[n]o Act of Congress shall be construed to invalidated, impair, or supersede any law enacted by any State for the purpose of regulating the business of insurance … unless such Act specifically relates to the business of insurance.” 15 U.S.C. '1012(b). Because the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) ' which contains the federal government's most-cited expression of support for arbitration clauses ' does not relate specifically to insurance, see National Home Ins., 291 F. Supp. 2d at 528, some courts have concluded that its general support for the enforcement of arbitration clauses is “reverse pre-empted” by the McCarran-Ferguson Act.

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