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Post-Divorce Torts Not Always Barred

By Janice G. Inman
January 27, 2006

In the 1988 case of Buronow v. Buronow, 71 NY2d 284 (1988), the Court of Appeals set out the basic rule that issues relating to marital property must be decided within the matrimonial action. If they are not, the doctrine of res judicata steps in to bar a later suit over subjects that should have been adjudicated. This maxim has caused consternation to some over the years but, by and large, it was fairly easy to understand and follow. Its purpose was to finalize all aspects of spousal litigation as expeditiously as possible in order to preserve judicial resources and prevent divorcing parties from being compelled to take part in never-ending controversies.

In 2004, however, the Second Department, in a decision barring a woman's suit in tort against her ex-husband for alleged battery during their marriage, took the rule of Buronow to a new extreme by holding that she could not recover in tort post-divorce because she could have litigated the issue within the matrimonial action. Chen v. Fisher, 12 A.D.3d 43 (2d Dept. 2004). The Court of Appeals in December reversed, aligning a split in the judicial departments and clarifying when tort actions can and cannot be brought against a former spouse for injury suffered during a marriage.

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