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Does It Really Matter Who Pays?

By Andrew M. Reidy
May 30, 2006

After a liability insurance company denies coverage for a lawsuit filed against its policyholder, the policyholder is left to manage the defense and settlement of the lawsuit. Sometimes, the policyholder is forced to, or elects to, have another person or entity pay for the defense fees, settlement, or judgment. This leads to the inevitable question of whether the policyholder can recover from its liability insurer sums paid for defense fees, settlement, or judgment if, after the insurance company has wrongfully denied coverage, the policyholder's defense bills, settlement, or a judgment are paid for by a non-insured person or entity. While it should not matter who pays once a liability insurer has breached its contract, some courts have denied policyholders recoveries when a non-insured third-party steps in for the breaching liability insurer and pays the policyholder's defense fees, a settlement, or the judgment.

As the name suggests, liability insurance policies are designed to protect policyholders from liability. For example, many liability policies require the insurer to pay all sums that the policyholder is 'legally obligated to pay as damages.' Liability insurance policies also typically require insurers to defend actions potentially within the coverage of the policy. 'The major substantive distinction between a liability policy and an indemnity contract is that payment of a claim by the insured is a condition precedent to the insured's right to recover under the indemnity contract, but not under the liability contract.' Couch on Insurance 2d '103:3 at 103:14 (2005) (footnoted omitted).

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