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Privacy Guidelines for RFID Information Systems
Radio frequency identifier ('RFID') tags are the next evolution in technology from barcodes. Containing micro-chips and tiny radio antennas that can be attached to products, RFID tags can transmit a unique identifying number to an electronic reader, which in turn links to a computer database where information about the item is stored. To manufacturers, suppliers, and retailers, RFID tags can be valuable tools in managing inventory, but for consumers they can also pose a potential risk to privacy if linked to personal information. RFID tags are becoming more prevalent in our everyday lives from security access cards to ignition immobilizers to highway toll systems and other electronic pass systems. Further, the ubiquitous presence of RFID tags for consumer-level items is rapidly approaching. From cans of shaving cream to sweaters, RFID tags may soon be found on almost every product as companies look to optimize their inventory control and supply chain management practices. However, for RFID technology to fully realize its potential for consumers, retailers, and suppliers, it is vital that privacy concerns be addressed in the design and implementation of this emerging technology.
The Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, Canada ('IPC') first identified the potential privacy concerns raised by RFID technology in 2003, in the IPC paper Tag, You're It: Privacy Implications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tech-nology. Since then, the technology has evolved considerably, so it is time to revisit the topic and specifically address privacy issues in the consumer space.
The IPC has a mandate to educate the public and address privacy questions raised by new information technologies, with a view toward encouraging effective solutions. Further, the Commissioner has always found it beneficial to assist those working on emerging technologies ' being proactive whenever possible ' to develop effective guidelines and codes before potential problems arise. Accordingly, in June 2006, the Commissioner developed IPC Privacy Guidelines for RFID Information Systems ('Guidelines') in collaboration with EPCglobal Canada, an industry association that sets standards for electronic products codes. These made-in-Canada Guidelines were developed to provide practical guidance and solutions regarding item-level consumer RFID applications and uses.
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Anti-Assignment Override Provisions
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?