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Treesdale and Its Impact on Number-Of-Occurrences Analysis

By Robert D. Goodman and Steve Vaccaro

The Third Circuit's Treesdale decision last year understandably drew considerable attention in coverage circles: It was apparently the first reported appellate decision holding that a years-long course of manufacturing asbestos products, resulting in numerous bodily injury claims, constituted a single occurrence. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. v. Treesdale, Inc., 418 F.3d 330 (3d Cir. 2005). The court's single-occurrence ruling was significant because it meant, in combination with other policy provisions, that the insurer was obligated to pay only a single per-occurrence limit under 10 consecutive policies in respect of its policyholder's entire asbestos liability. Treesdale has potentially broad application in a variety of long-tail liability contexts where per-occurrence limits may be the most important or even sole effective limit of liability. Add the fact that Treesdale was decided as a matter of law, and Treesdale qualifies as a landmark decision in the notoriously results-driven world of number-of-occurrences litigation.

Yet interpretation of Treesdale thus far has been limited, and subsequent decisions in apposite cases have reached mixed results on the question of whether a long-tail toxic tort constitutes a single occurrence. Examination of Treesdale and these decisions suggests the future scope, and limitations, of the single-occurrence doctrine in the long-tail liability context.

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