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Web Sites' CDA '230 Immunity: An Ever-Expanding Universe?
The federal Communications Decency Act of 1996 ('CDA') immunizes Web site operators and other interactive computer service providers from liability for third parties' tortious acts. Pub Law No. 104-104 (Feb. 8, 1996) 110 Statutes at Large 56 '509, codified at 47 U.S.C. '230. 47 U.S.C. '230 shields providers and users of interactive computer services from responsibility for third-party content.
In the 10 years since the CDA's enactment, courts have cut a broad swath of immunity, refusing to impose a duty to monitor content created by others. While most decisions have centered on defamation, the contexts have ranged from tortious interference, to fraud, to CAN-SPAM, to the Fair Housing Act.
However, dicta in some recent decisions indicates that some issues remain unresolved, including: 1) whether there should be a distinction between 'primary publishers' and 'distributors,' despite the unanimous case law to the contrary; and 2) whether state law invasion-of-privacy claims should fall within the 'intellectual property' category and thus beyond the reach of '230.
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Anti-Assignment Override Provisions
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?