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All Sums Great And Small

By Patrick M. Tomovic and Kevin D. Szczepanski
January 28, 2010

How is loss allocated when bodily injury or property damage occurs in several successive policy periods? Can the insured choose the policy that it wishes to cover the loss, limiting itself to one deductible and forcing a single year”s primary (and excess) policy to respond? Or consistent with the policy, the rules of construction, and prudent public policy, should the loss be allocated evenly to each policy period in which injury or damage occurred ” allocating to the insured loss falling within each policy”s deductible and every period for which the insured is without insurance?

In answering these questions, courts have applied either the “all-sums” approach first set forth in Keene Corp. v. Insurance Co. of North America, 667 F.2d 1034 (D.C. Cir. 1981) or the “pro rata” approach pioneered in Insurance Co. of North America v. Forty-Eight Insulations, Inc., 633 F.2d 1212 (6th Cir. 1980). Courts across the country remain divided on which approach is the most sound as a matter of law and public policy. Moreover, as many as 20 states have either no or very limited case law on this complex and often hotly disputed subject, making predictions on outcomes in those jurisdictions difficult. Simply put, the results in Long-Term Exposure (“LTE”) cases are driven by the state law governing the dispute. And in many cases, that law is limited, leaving to insurers and their counsel the delicate task of predicting which set of competing principles a court will apply to an often-intricate array of facts.

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