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No Personal Jurisdiction In Sending Copyright Termination Notices By Stan Soocher

By Stan Soocher
September 02, 2013

Much of the attention to the recent decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on rights to key Marvel Comics characters focused on the opinion's “work for hire” analysis. On that, the appeals court ruled that the copyrights for such comic-book characters as “The Incredible Hulk,” “The X-Men” and “Spider-Man” belonged to Marvel Comics, rather than illustrator Jack Kirby. Marvel Characters Inc. v. Kirby, 11-3333. But the appeals court also addressed an important procedural concern in copyright termination litigation: the interplay between parties sending these notices and the jurisdictional reach of courts in which termination cases are filed.

Jack Kirby died in 1994. His four children sent copyright termination notices to Marvel in 2009 under '304(c) of the Copyright Act. In 2010, Marvel filed a declaratory action in the Southern District of New York, which found the copyrights at issue were works for hire, made at the instance and expense of Marvel.

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