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Federal Circuit Focuses on Burdens Of Proof in Travatan Z' Case
On March 18, 2014, a Federal Circuit panel of Judges Newman, Lourie, and Bryson issued a decision in Alcon Research Ltd., v. Barr Laboratories., Inc., No. 2012-1340. The unanimous decision, authored by Judge Lourie, affirmed the district court's finding of noninfringment, reversed the finding of invalidity, and affirmed the denial of a motion for judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) of noninfringement with respect to patents not asserted at trial.
Alcon owns several patents relating to its glaucoma and ocular hypertension drug Travatan Z'. Two of these patents cover methods of enhancing the chemical stability of prostaglandin compositions, by adding polyethoxylated castor oil (PECO patents). Barr filed an ANDA for Travatan Z' with the FDA, and Alcon initiated suit in U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The complaint initially referenced six patents but only the PECO patents were eventually asserted at trial. At trial, Alcon only presented accelerated stability study results performed on their developmental formulation as evidence of infringement.
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Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Stranger to the Deed Rule
In 1987, a unanimous Court of Appeals reaffirmed the vitality of the "stranger to the deed" rule, which holds that if a grantor executes a deed to a grantee purporting to create an easement in a third party, the easement is invalid. Daniello v. Wagner, decided by the Second Department on November 29th, makes it clear that not all grantors (or their lawyers) have received the Court of Appeals' message, suggesting that the rule needs re-examination.