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Inconsistent Testimony Made Plaintiff Not Typical Of Proposed Class
The Federal District Court in the Southern District of California denied class certification in a case in which an individual claimed violations of state and federal laws prohibiting text messages to consumers without their consent. Ryan v. Jersey Mike's Franchise Systems, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 42677 (S.D. Cal. March 28, 2014). Jersey Mike's, a sandwich shop franchisor, has a loyalty program through which customers can collect points and redeem them for free products. Jersey Mike's and its franchisees use an automatic dialing service to send text messages to loyalty program members who have provided their cell phone numbers.
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
As consumers continue to shift purchasing and consumption habits in the aftermath of the pandemic, manufacturers are increasingly reliant on third-party logistics and warehousing to ensure their products timely reach the market.
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.