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What Can U.S. Legislators Learn from the European View of Good Faith?

By Mark Abell and Beata Krakus
August 02, 2014

The concept of “good faith” exists in most civil law jurisdictions but is frequently interpreted in different ways. Common law jurisdictions, such as the United States, however, generally have an uneasy relationship with the concept of a duty of good faith, as is illustrated by the case law and proposed legislation considered in the previous articles in this series, published in the January, February and March 2014 editions of this newsletter.

The General Common Law Approach

The traditional common law view of the concept of a duty of good faith between contracting parties was best summed up by the English Judge, Bingham, LJ, who commented (Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v. Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd (1988) 1 All ER 384 at 352 (CA)):

[I]n many civil law systems, and perhaps in most legal systems outside of the common law world, the law of obligations recogni[z]es and enforces an overriding principle that in making and carrying out contracts parties should act in good faith. This does not simply mean that they should not deceive each other, a principle which any legal system must recognise; its effect is perhaps most aptly conveyed by such metaphorical colloquialisms as “playing fair,” “coming clean” or 'putting one's cards face down on the table.” It is in essence a principle of fair and open dealing.

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