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<i>Part 1 of a 2-part series.</i> Why should U.S. franchisors care about Canada and Canadian franchise law? Savvy franchisors realize that Canada's population is about the same as California's, and that the tastes of many Canadians are similar to (and molded) by their American counterparts. Also, U.S. franchisors' investment in Canada is facilitated under the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Investment Canada Act. While there are certainly similarities between the United States and Canada in the law respecting business-format franchising and trademarks, there are some major differences as well — some subtle; others not so subtle.
The proposed arrangement between a non-profit hospital and a for-profit emergency medical services transport services provider that serves a 17-county area in a prominently rural area of an anonymous state is the subject of a new OIG ruling. On July 3, 2003, the OIG posted Advisory Opinion No. 03-14, which involved a request concerning emergency helicopter transports of trauma patients. The unidentified state's Department of Transportation had concluded there was a real need for such emergency transport services because of higher mortality rates involved in transporting patients in this part of the state to appropriately equipped emergency rooms. Under the arrangement, the ambulance provider would buy, operate, staff, and maintain a helicopter that is equipped with a mobile intensive care unit to transport trauma victims, while the hospital would provide a landing pad next to the facility, and modest crew quarters and services for the helicopter ' which would be available to any ambulance company that brings or receives a patient to or from the facility. Moreover, emergency calls to 911 in the area are routed, based on pre-determined criteria, to a predetermined hospital, based on the patient's needs.
Features
This month, we examine a few Web sites that focus on antitrust law matters, including antitrust issues that involve the healthcare industry.
A New Jersey medical magazine publisher recently agreed to pay $3.7 million to settle allegations it defrauded the postal service. On July 2, 2003, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey issued a press release announcing that Medical World Communications, a Jamesburg, NJ, publisher, agreed to settle civil False Claims Act allegations that it defrauded the government over a 6-year period (1994 to 2000) through a scheme by which it inflated the number of subscribers to obtain a lower rate, thereby failing to pay adequate postage for mailing its periodicals.
Features
Part One of a Two-Part Article. The FDA's approval of a prescription drug or biologic is the product of an often-delicate risk-benefit analysis of public benefit as opposed to individual safety. The therapeutic balance of these products must always be weighed against the risks inherent in their use. And there are always inherent risks associated with their use. Accordingly, while millions of Americans reap the benefits of prescription drugs every day, these same drugs may pose an unavoidable health hazard to a narrow, and often unidentifiable, subset of potential users. The American legal system currently regulates these risks by two means ' through the federal regulatory system as administered by the FDA, and through the common-law tort liability regime.
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, the major pharmaceutical manufacturer headquartered in Wilmington, DE, pled guilty in a Delaware federal court to conspiring to violate the Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA). (The PDMA was enacted in 1988 to regulate prescription drug marketing practices, such as providing free drug samples to physicians, since the practices could cause the diversion of drugs into gray markets, and incorporated into the federal Food Drug and Cosmetics Act under the 'prohibited acts' section at 21 U.S.C. ' 331(t)). AstraZeneca admitted that it caused claims to be submitted by urologists (who had received free samples from the company) for its anti-prostate cancer drug, Zoladex, to be submitted for reimbursement to federally funded health care programs during an 11-year period (from the beginning of 1991 through the end of 2002), resulting in almost $40 million in losses to these programs.
The Special Advisory Bulletin on Contractual Joint Ventures (SAB) is the OIG's latest reiteration in a series of missives that invoke the Federal anti-kickback statute, 42 U.S.C. ' 1320a-7b(b) (AKS). It's all part of an attempt to chill the proliferation of business arrangements between companies that are in the business of supplying medical equipment, pharmacy items, and/or services to patients (generically, 'suppliers') and providers such as hospitals and physicians (generically, 'providers') who are in a position to refer or 'steer' patients to a supplier. On April 23, 2003, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) issued the SAB, which describes various arrangements as 'potentially problematic.' See http://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/docs/alertsandbulletins/042303SABJointVentures. While many suppliers and providers may choose to alter or terminate their arrangements as a pragmatic reaction to the SAB, the conceptual underpinnings of the SAB are suspect themselves.
Highlights of the latest equipment leasing news and cases from around the country.
Features
In the May issue, author Pauline Clark discussed the Rhode Island Supreme Court's decision in <i>Oliveira v. Lombardi,</i> 794 A.2d 453 (R.I. 2002), holding that automobile leasing companies may be held liable under the state's vicarious liability statute for the negligence of drivers operating motor vehicles titled in the leasing companies' name. In a clear response to this and other similar cases, Ford Credit has announced that it plans to exit automobile leasing in Rhode Island in October 2003 and in New York after July 9, 2003.
Features
A recent decision of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut, <i>In re Circuit-Wise, Inc.,</i> 277 B.R. 460 (Bankr. D. Conn.), attempts to clarify the rights of secured equipment lessors under Section 365(d)(10) of the Bankruptcy Code and suggests two mechanisms for ensuring that those rights are quickly and fairly addressed. However, the Bankruptcy Court may have unfairly denied the lessor, Wells Fargo Equipment Finance, Inc. ('Wells Fargo'), the prompt relief it deserved. Even if the Bankruptcy Court properly deferred whatever relief Wells Fargo was entitled to, the court's suggested methods for ultimately providing that relief were at least, in part, impractical.
