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Steven Toporoff is the Franchise Program Coordinator at the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and one of the key people working on Franchise Rule enforcement. At the International Franchise Association (IFA) Legal Symposium in May 2003, Mr. Toporoff provided an update on federal regulatory developments and shared insights about how franchise enforcers go about their work. He also compiled the following list of excuses that he and fellow examiners hear from franchisors and their legal representatives. As Mr. Toporoff observed, "franchise attorneys should know better.
Features
Highlights of the latest franchising cases from across the country.
The first installment of this series dealt principally with one of the issues before the Ontario Court of Appeal in <i>Shelanu v. Print Three</i>; namely, the unsuccessful attempt of the franchisor to exclude from enforceability an oral agreement made subsequent to a franchise agreement containing a comprehensive "entire agreement" clause. The other principal issue before the court was whether there was, at common law, a duty of good faith owed by a franchisor to its franchisee.
Highlights of the latest franchising news from across the country.
The goal of most franchised businesses is to achieve household name recognition on a nationwide basis. Achieving that goal through nationwide expansion, however, is easier said than done. Expansion raises a number of significant issues, not the least of which is whether the name of the franchised concept is identical or confusingly similar to the name of a similar business in the geographic areas under consideration and/or in other remote areas where the franchisor is not currently operating, but may be so doing in the future.
Features
Highlights of the latest equipment leasing news from around the country.
Nationwide uniformity of commercial laws has always been a fundamental goal of the drafters of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code. One area, though, that has continually eluded standardization is perfection of liens on mobile goods. Financiers of mobile goods, including vehicles, vessels, trailer homes and modular offices, must grapple with arcane certificate of title statutes that vary widely from state to state. Other state statutes that regulate title and lien interests in mobile goods can become a trap for the unwary. The nature of mobile goods makes uniformity among state statutes a compelling issue for financiers.
In a recent decision of interest to the leasing community, the U.S. District Court of Maryland has held that a Chapter 11 debtor could assume a software license agreement (SLA), as an executory contract, although the agreement contained a clause that the debtor could not "assume or assign" the agreement, and even though the assignability of the SLA was clearly precluded by federal copyright law.
The Equipment Leasing Association has released its 2002 Survey of Industry Activity (SIA) report results, which reveal that the $208 billion equipment leasing industry followed the trend line of most industries in the challenging 2002 economic times. Respondents to the latest ELA survey experienced a year-over-year contraction, as respondents reported more than $117.2 billion in new business volume in 2002. Overall new business volume was reported as $114.6 billion in 2001; however, survey participants providing both 2001 and 2002 new business volume showed a 4.6% decrease year over year.
Features
Lease investors have been participating in cross-border transactions for a wide variety of municipal facilities for several years. Assets have included water and sewer systems, electric and gas distribution systems, rail rolling stock and infrastructure, and convention centers. Investors have also been participating in transactions involving U.S. state and local government entities for several years. However, the preponderance of the U.S. transactions closed to date have involved rolling stock or transit facilities.