Critical Ruling on Compensation from Supreme Court
The Supreme Court has held that Bankruptcy Code Section 330(a)(1) does not allow a Chapter 7 debtor's attorney to be compensated from the estate unless the attorney is employed by the Trustee with the approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Lamie v. United States Trustee, 2000 WL 110846 (U.S. 2004). This decision conclusively ends the controversy over the 1994 amendments to that Section, and puts Chapter 7 debtors' counsel on notice that, if not retained pursuant to Section 327, they are on their own with respect to fees.
What Should You Know About the Rules of Evidence?
In last month's issue, we discussed the fact that bankruptcy lawyers may think they do not have to worry about the rules of evidence ' and we then went on to prove otherwise. The Federal Rules of Evidence apply to most issues that arise in bankruptcy cases, according to Rule 9017 of the Federal rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. We discussed two of the four useful subjects under these rules: attorney-client privilege, and attorney work-product doctrine. Part Two of this article, below, discusses settlement offers and affidavits.
What Leasing Lawyers Should Know About the Rules of Evidence
It is an unfortunate consequence of the leasing business that leasing lawyers often become involved in bankruptcy matters. These attorneys, who rarely visit a courtroom, may think they don't need to worry about the rules of evidence. Yet evidentiary rules can provide critical protections. In a typical case or negotiation, lawyers create and circulate tremendous amounts of information ' much of which would be potentially damaging if obtained by other parties. To protect this information, leasing counsel need to be familiar with the rules of evidence and how courts have interpreted these rules. The case law interpreting these rules is not static; rather, it is constantly evolving in ways relevant to counsel who specialize in corporate insolvency. For example, a series of recent cases has explored the boundaries of the attorney-client privilege, examining such questions as, if counsel for a creditors' committee hires a financial expert, is the expert's work protected?
Professional Fees: How to Get a Bankruptcy Judge's Attention
How does a bankruptcy professional get the court's attention on fees? Chief Bankruptcy Judge Mary F. Walrath of the District of Delaware answered the question with a detailed 33-page opinion on Dec. 23, 2003. <i>In re Fleming Companies, Inc., et al</i>, 2003 Bankr. LEXIS 1727 (Bankr. D. Del. 2003). Disposing of an objection by the United States Trustee to interim professional fee applications, Judge Walrath said she would "reduce the fees requested by the Debtors' professionals." <i>Id.</i> at 5. Not exactly the kind of attention any lawyer wants.
What Should You Know About the Rules of Evidence?
Bankruptcy lawyers who rarely visit a courtroom may think they do not need to worry about the rules of evidence. Yet evidentiary rules can provide critical protections. In a typical case or negotiation, lawyers create and circulate tremendous amounts of information -- much of which would be potentially damaging if obtained by other parties. To protect this information, bankruptcy lawyers need to be familiar with the rules of evidence and how courts have interpreted these rules.
Official Committee Members: Fiduciary Duty Liability
Members of official creditors' committees in Chapter 11 cases owe a fiduciary duty to the entire body of unsecured creditors. <i>See Woods v. City National Bank</i>, 312 U.S. 262, 268-69 (1941). As fiduciaries, committee members should have undivided loyalty to those they serve, free of any conflict of interest. <i>Id</i>. The imposition of such a broad duty to unsecured creditors generally might be otherwise unremarkable, except that committee members themselves obviously have significant selfish interests in the outcome of the bankruptcy case.
When to Use a 'Stalking Horse' Agreement
A debtor has a fiduciary duty to maximize the value of the assets of its estate. When selling assets of a bankruptcy estate, the process usually begins with an extensive marketing process. As a result of extensive marketing, a debtor can find itself actively negotiating with numerous potential purchasers. While most marketing periods end with a court-approved auction, it has become commonplace for the debtor to enter into the auction process with a "stalking horse" agreement in place.
Selling 'Free and Clear': Will It Continue?
Section 363(f) of the Bankruptcy Code provides an extraordinary tool to trustees and debtors in possession -- the ability to sell property "free and clear." This unique power, unavailable to a seller outside bankruptcy, not only facilitates the tasks of liquidation or reorganization, but it may even be the critical incentive for entering bankruptcy in the first place. It has now become the principal focus of many Chapter 11 cases.
