A Primer on Custody Issues in Pennsylvania and Beyond
May 03, 2005
Custody matters are addressed to the court, either as an initial Petition regarding custody, or as a Petition to Modify an existing custody order. Custody petitions may be brought by a parent, and under certain circumstances by a grandparent or by a third party. "It is axiomatic that in custody disputes, 'the fundamental issue is the best interest of the child.'" Charles v. Stehlik, 560 Pa. 334, 339, 744 A.2d 1255, 1258 (2000), quoting <i>Ellerbe v. Hooks</i>, 490 Pa. 363, 416 A.2d 512, 513 (1980). "Custody cases are unique in that they involve disputes between two people (generally parents) regarding the upbringing of their children. There is little applicability of substantive law from other fields into custody cases. Custody law and analysis will not be applied in situations other than those regarding children." <i>DeSanctis v. Pritchard</i>, 803 A.2d 230, (Pa. Super. 2002) (custody of a dog).
Business Valuation Standards
April 28, 2005
Why should a matrimonial attorney pay attention to business valuation standards? Quite simply, because your knowledge can yield big judgment dividends by supporting your valuation expert or by impeaching the credibility of the opposing expert.
'How Should I File My Taxes?'
April 28, 2005
The timing of a divorce decree can make a big difference in the parties' federal income tax liability because their filing options are determined by their marital status at the end of the tax year. Under federal tax law, taxpayers who were married for 364.5 days but had their divorce decree entered on the afternoon of Dec. 31 are deemed to be single for that tax year. Parties whose divorce decree is entered on the first business day of the new year are married for purposes of filing the previous year's tax returns. Similarly, parties who are divorced or otherwise single during the year who remarry on Dec. 31 are married for purposes of filing their tax returns for that year. Parties who are still married and not judicially separated are married for purposes of filing their tax returns no matter how long they have been separated. IRC '' 6012-6013. It is important to give consideration to the client's filing options because filing status can produce considerable variation in the tax bill on the same income.
The Non-Biological Parent
April 28, 2005
A recent case from the appellate court in Washington demonstrates the lack of protection offered by the Uniform Parentage Act (UPA) to children raised by same-sex couples and to the non-biological parent. The court in <i>In re the Parentage of L.B.</i>, 121 Wn. App. 460, 89 P.3d 271 (2004), cert. granted, 152 Wn.2d 1013, 101 P.3d 107 (2004), filled in the gap left by the legislature in recognizing the relationship between the non-biological parent/primary caregiver and the child by creating a common law cause of action for the psychological parent.
Litigation
April 28, 2005
Recent rulings of importance to you and your practice.
Domestic Violence Debated in Supreme Court
April 28, 2005
The U.S. Supreme Court is facing the serious nationwide problem of domestic violence and the continuing difficulty of enforcement of one of the most important weapons against that violence -- protection orders. On March 21, the Court considered whether a civil rights remedy is available to domestic violence victims whose pleas to enforce protection orders go unheeded by local police departments. <i>Town of Castle Rock, Colorado v. Gonzales</i>, No. 04-728.
Matrimonial Lawyers Have a New Tool
March 30, 2005
Timely and accurate knowledge of all the relevant facts is essential to successful matrimonial litigation. The proper use of the Internet helps give litigants access to relevant information; the Internet has been recognized by matrimonial attorneys as promoting a variety of goals: identification and substantiation of claims and defenses; discovery of data that permits the parties to evaluate their respective positions better; the simplification and narrowing of issues; and assistance in the conduct of the trial.
Custody Evaluations
March 30, 2005
New York has recently been exposed to a resurgence of doubt regarding the usefulness of evaluations performed by mental health professionals (MHPs) in custody matters. In debates certain to affect the national family law community, the criticism questions the scientific validity of recommendations and observations that these professionals are called upon to make, asking whether the experts, in fact, have the expertise to participate meaningfully in the process. This article responds to some of the criticism by seeking to clarify the role that MHPs play.
Litigation
March 30, 2005
Recent rulings of importance to you and your practice.
How to Impeach a Custody Evaluator
March 30, 2005
Because the custody evaluator comes to court as an expert witness, he or she may be impeached by the published writings of other professionals in his or her field. <i>People v. Feldman</i>, 299 NY 153, 85 NE2d 913 (1949). Once a proper foundation is laid, passages that contradict the testimony may be read and the witness asked whether he or she agrees or disagrees with those statements. When used in such fashion, the content of the statement put to the witness does not become evidence in the case, but is allowed only to discredit or weaken his or her testimony by showing that learned writers in the field have expressed contrary views. This article uses New York rules of procedure to explore the evidentiary doctrine and trial techniques pertaining to impeachment by treatise when confronting the testimony of a custody evaluator.
