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Generally speaking, the Federal Rules of Evidence require evidence to be authenticated before it can be admitted. Typically evidence is authenticated by some form of extrinsic proof sufficient to support a finding that the evidence is what the proponent claims it is. Often that proof comes in the form of a witness who can verify the evidence through testimony.
Federal Rule of Evidence 902 sets out various types of evidence that are “self-authenticating” — evidence that needs no extrinsic proof of authenticity to be admitted. Examples of self-authenticating evidence include: public documents and records that are sealed, signed or otherwise certified; official publications; newspapers and periodicals; and certain types of certified business records.
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The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
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