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Avoiding the Pitfalls of Stipulated Settlements

By Kim V. Marrkand and Nancy D. Adams

An officer of a corporation is named as a defendant in a shareholder derivative suit. After reading the complaint, which includes allegations that the officer committed a breach of certain fiduciary duties owed to the corporation, the officer promptly notifies his directors and officers' liability insurer of the lawsuit. Because the applicable policy contains exclusions that may potentially exclude some, if not all, of the claims, the insurer agrees to defend the officer subject to a full and complete reservation of rights.

Upon receipt of the insurer's reservation of rights letter, the officer becomes concerned that, if the insurer later contests coverage, he may face significant personal exposure. To eliminate this risk, the officer explores the possibility of entering into a settlement with the plaintiff. The plaintiff suggests that the parties stipulate to the entry of a judgment, which is vastly in excess of the suit's true value, and the plaintiff will provide the officer with a 'covenant not to execute,' which protects the officer from personal exposure. In return, the officer will assign to the plaintiff his rights under the policy, including any claims that the insurer acted in bad faith. Armed with the stipulated judgment and an assignment from the insured, the plaintiff files a direct action against the insurer to reach and apply the insurance proceeds to satisfy the outstanding judgment and, pursuant to the assignment, seeks extra-contractual damages on the basis that the insurer acted in bad faith. Suddenly, the insurer is faced with not only litigating whether coverage exists for the inflated judgment, but also defending against a bad faith claim.

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