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Can Old Products Be Patented Based On Newly Discovered Properties?

By Robert Schulman and Samson Vermont

Entrenched in patent law is the principle that a challenge against a patent for anticipation or obviousness must be based on 'prior art,' and not on disclosure in the patent itself. Also entrenched in patent law is the principle that an otherwise known product cannot be patented merely because one discovers new and unobvious properties possessed by that product.  

The Federal Circuit wrestled with these two principles in
Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 64 USPQ2d 1292 (Fed. Cir. 2002).   According to the majority, the district court invalidated Elan's patent by relying not on the prior art but on Elan's specification itself, in violation of the first principle recited above. However, according to the dissent, the majority sustained patentability of an otherwise known product based on Elan's discovery of new and unobvious properties of that product, in violation of the second principle recited above. In its upcoming en banc review, the Federal Circuit should reconcile this apparent doctrinal conflict.

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