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The sale of company units to franchisees (“refranchising”) differs from a traditional asset sale because the transaction contemplates a continuous business relationship between the parties. The basic terms of this relationship should be outlined in a letter of intent and will be contained in the provisions of the various transaction documents, including the Asset Sale Agreement (ASA), related transfer documents, such as deeds, leases, subleases, assignments, bills of sale, etc., one or more franchise agreements and, if the obligation to develop additional units is part of the transaction, a development agreement. This article continues the discussion of refranchising in last month's issue by reviewing some of the issues that the parties should consider carefully as they document their on-going relationship post closing.
Generally the seller is unwilling to modify the basic form franchise agreement and the development agreement, except if required due to factors unique to the transaction. It is a fundamental tenet of franchising that all franchisees should be treated equally so that the system can be run in a uniform manner. Buyers are often able to obtain financial concessions: for example, reductions in, or waivers for periods of time, of royalties or other payments, to compensate for marginal or underperforming units which the seller wants to sell and the buyer would not otherwise be inclined to buy. If the term of an underlying lease that is to be assigned to a buyer is less than the standard franchise agreement term, the term of the franchise may be reduced to match the remaining term under the lease.
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
There's current litigation in the ongoing Beach Boys litigation saga. A lawsuit filed in 2019 against Nevada residents Mike Love and his wife Jacquelyne in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada that alleges inaccurate payment by the Loves under the retainer agreement and seeks $84.5 million in damages.
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
The real property transfer tax does not apply to all leases, and understanding the tax rules of the applicable jurisdiction can allow parties to plan ahead to avoid unnecessary tax liability.