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True Lease or Secured Financing: Recovering Meaningful Residual Value

By Michelle Raftery and Kenneth Epstein
March 31, 2004

Equipment lessors bargain for a very different set of legal rights than secured creditors. These bargained-for rights are often subject to attack, particularly in the Chapter 11 context where it is common for interested parties to challenge the characterization of a Chapter 11 debtor's obligations under an agreement styled as a lease. See In re APB Online, Inc., 259 B.R. 812, 815 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2001). As the recent decision by the Third Circuit in Duke Energy Royal, LLC v. Pillowtex Corp. (In re Pillowtex, Inc.), 349 F.3d 711 (3d Cir. 2003) illustrates, when faced with the question of whether a transaction constitutes a “true” lease or a secured financing, Bankruptcy Courts will look through the cosmetics of the deal to its substance. To avoid the re-characterization of an equipment lease by a Bankruptcy Court, an equipment lessor must structure its transactions to retain an economically meaningful “residual value” in the leased property.

Why Is it Important Under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code?

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