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Triggering Excess Insurer Duties Without Full Payments by Primary Insurers

By Kirk A. Pasich

During recent years, insureds have faced a wide range of claims with potential liability exceeding the limits of their primary insurance policies. In such a setting, excess insurers typically argue that their duties are not triggered unless and until the primary policy has paid its limits. Such arguments should not be readily accepted. Excess insurers owe duties even before primary policies have exhausted. And, when a primary insurer settles with its insured, excess insurers may be obligated to pay under their policies even if the settlement was for less than the primary policy's limits.

Courts have repeatedly rejected any notion that an excess insurer owes no duties to its insured until a primary policy is exhausted. For example, California courts have recognized the wide range of duties that an excess insurer owes its insured before a primary policy exhausts. See, e.g., Kelley v. British Commercial Ins. Co., Ltd., 221 Cal. App. 2d 554, 562, 34 Cal. Rptr. 564 (1963) (duty to participate in settlement discussions when potential settlement may invade limits of liability); Armstrong World Indus., Inc. v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co., 45 Cal. App. 4th 1, 85, 52 Cal. Rptr. 2d 690 (1996) (duty to accept reasonable settlement); Schwartz v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 88 Cal. App. 4th 1329, 1338, 108 Cal. Rptr. 2d 523 (2001).

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