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Unriddling the Sphinx The Insured v. Insured Exclusion and the Multiple Capacities of D&Os

By Kim V. Marrkand and Nancy D. Adams
September 01, 2005

As directors' and officers' insurance is intended to provide coverage for claims by third parties, most, if not all, D&O policies contain an exclusion commonly referred to as an “insured v. insured exclusion.” The exclusion bars coverage for claims brought by one insured against another insured. Historically, the exclusion was drafted in response to “friendly” and collusive lawsuits arising out of the savings and loan bank crisis in the early to mid-1980s. Essentially, friendly lawsuits were being filed by the failed banks against their directors and officers in an effort to recoup loan losses from the proceeds of D&O policies. Thus, the primary purpose in drafting the insured v. insured exclusion was ' and continues to be ' to prevent a corporation from suing its own directors and officers to obtain the benefits of coverage for itself, rather than third parties.

The exclusion is fairly easy to apply where a solvent corporation brings suit against its current or former directors and officers for breaches of fiduciary duties or where a director or officer brings suit for termination or compensation-related issues. Where, on the other hand, the director or officer brings suit in his or her sole capacity as a shareholder of the corporation, the applicability of the exclusion is more complex. As the analysis of the two cases below indicates, there is little guidance for insurers, as well as insureds, as to how a court will apply the exclusion where the capacity of a director or officer is cloudy. Accordingly, rather than leave the interpretation of the exclusion up to a judge ' with all the subjectivity that may entail ' insureds and insurers are well advised to anticipate and resolve the scope of the insured v. insured exclusion during the negotiation and issuance of the policy.

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