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Estate Planning for Unmarried Couples

By Joshua S. Rubenstein
October 06, 2005

More couples than ever are choosing to live together without benefit of marriage. Some simply reject the institution. Some are same-sex partners who cannot marry in New York or most other states. Others have been married previously and do not wish to jeopardize their separate governmental entitlements or to create marital rights that might conflict with their ability to control their separate property.

In light of the growing number of committed unmarried couples and the mounting questions over which, if any, “benefits of marriage” should be made available to them, a re-ex-amination of basic estate planning principles under existing law would seem timely, if not overdue. In particular, from the planner's perspective, it is relevant to contrast the pitfalls and opportunities that are currently presented.

The benefits of marriage in the estate planning context are obvious — most notably the availability of the marital deduction. Because federal tax policy promotes marriage by conferring tax benefits to those who are married, estate planners have for years tried to leverage the many income and transfer tax benefits accorded to married partners. As a consequence, attention, particularly at the federal level, to closing tax loopholes and curtailing practices considered “abusive” that are available to couples has been primarily focused upon limiting estate planning techniques that take advantage of tax benefits accorded to married couples only. It should therefore not be surprising to discover that while there are some planning techniques that are still available only to married partners, others are available only to unmarried partners.

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