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Flood of Litigation: The Water Damage Exclusion

By Brad E. Harrigan
November 30, 2006

On Aug. 29, 2006, Hurricane Katrina, one of the deadliest and costliest natural disasters ever to strike the United States, hit New Orleans and Mississippi. With winds recorded at over 135 mph, the hurricane caused severe damage to much of New Orleans and the surrounding areas. The worst was yet to come, however. Following the storm, the levees built to protect the city, which is mostly below sea level, failed to retain the water. This resulted in more than 80% of the city being flooded. This catastrophic flooding caused billions in damages and sparked the current storm of insurance coverage litigation.

Due to the crippling costs associated with flood insurance, most homeowner policies specifically exclude damages caused by flood. See 42 U.S.C. '4001(b) ('[M]any factors have made it uneconomic for the private insurance industry alone to make flood insurance available to those in need of such protection on reasonable terms and conditions.'). Because the private insurance industry could not provide flood insurance to homeowners on an economically feasible basis, Congress created the National Flood Insurance Program ('NFIP') in 1968. This program offered property owners a relatively low-cost option to cover their property in the event of a flood. See 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61, App. A. Unfortunately, these residential dwelling flood policies are capped at $250,000 for dwellings and $100,000 for contents. Many policyholders who obtained this coverage found themselves significantly underinsured for the damages to their property. Many others, inexplicably, never bought flood coverage in the first place.

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