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Matrimonial Litigants and Zones of Privacy

By Mark I. Plaine

A recent decision of the Appellate Division, First Department, addressed the rights of matrimonial litigants to shield their identities from publication in reported decisions. In Anonymous v. Anonymous, 27 A.D.3d 356 (1st Dept 2006), the court, citing People v. Jones, 47 NY2d 409 (1979), held that judicial approval of anonymous captions in divorce actions should be granted 'sparingly' and 'only when unusual circumstances necessitate it.' Earlier decisions of trial and appellate courts have manifested a judicial policy to allow anonymous captions only when necessary to promote some public interest, including the need to safeguard the health and welfare of children.

By way of example, courts have allowed the use of an anonymous caption in custody matters when necessary to safeguard the best interests of children (see, e.g., Anonymous v. Anonymous, 158 AD2d 296 (1st Dep't 1990), and refused such requests where the contested issues primarily concerned the parties' finances (see, Merrick v. Merrick, 154 Misc2d 559 (Sup. Ct., NY Cty. 1992)). The court in Anonymous, supra, denied plaintiff's request to disallow public attendance at the proceedings based upon 'unsupported speculation' of the negative effect media coverage might cause to the children, yet allowed the use of an anonymous caption to promote the children's long-term interests. In Merrick, the court noted that, although the wife had asserted a potential deleterious effect on the children in the absence of an anonymous caption, she had failed to support her claim beyond mere assertion.

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