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Class Action Claims: The Duty to Defend Before a Class with Covered Claimants Is Certified

By Marc S. Mayerson
February 28, 2007

A liability insurer's promise to defend its insured is at the core of the protection purchased by policyholders and, in most states, the insurer will be required to defend any suit alleging facts that possibly could result in a judgment against the insured that would be covered by the policy's duty to indemnify. A duty to defend will be found where the undisputed facts surrounding a claim ' typically the language of the policy and the allegations of the complaint ' permit proof of a claim potentially covered by the duty to indemnify. The complaint-allegations test, or what some jurisdictions term the eight-corners rule, results in the duty to defend being easily found by courts, commensurate with the broad contract language, and the policy's intention to afford the insured 'litigation insurance' protecting against the risk and burden of litigation.

In any given liability case, the insured defendant might win, in which event no indemnity would be required, or the insured defendant might lose the case on a ground that is outside the scope of coverage; notwithstanding the possibility of results where the insurer will not have a duty to indemnify the policyholder, the insurer still has a duty to assume the defense, which duty matures at the outset of the liability case. Because the duty to defend arises based on the possibility of the duty to indemnify a complaint, rather than based on a prediction of the likely outcome or indeed the actual outcome, we typically say that the duty to defend is broader than is the duty to indemnify.

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