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PA Court Refuses to Expand Scope of Third-Party Bad Faith Liability

By William P. Shelley, Jacob C. Cohn, and Samantha M. Evans
February 28, 2007

Traditionally, courts have found bad faith in two contexts ' when an insurer wrongfully denies coverage in a first-party claim and when an insurer's improper refusal to settle a third-party claim results in an excess verdict against the insured. Courts have recognized bad faith causes of action under these circumstances in light of the type of policy involved and the nature of the insured's interests that are at stake.

Under a first-party policy, an insured seeks coverage for damage or loss to the insured's own property. When an insurer denies coverage for that loss, the denial has a direct pecuniary effect on the insured. The interest of an insured seeking protection from a third party's claim under a liability policy, however, is more tenuous. So long as the insurer resolves the claim for an amount within the insurer's policy limits, its decision of whether to settle, when, or for how much, typically does not impact the insured. Of course, if the insurer's refusal to settle results in an excess verdict, the insured is exposed directly to pecuniary harm because the insured becomes legally obligated to pay those amounts beyond the policy's limits.

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