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Franchising in Belarus: Slowly Coming of Age in the Former Soviet Republic State
Although Belarus does not have its own franchise law code, the Civil Code of Belarus, which was adopted on Dec. 7, 1998 and entered into force on July 1, 1999, contains Article 53 dealing with a franchise, or as it says in the Code 'Complex business licence.' On Aug. 18, 2004, amendments to this regulation were adopted and entered into force on Feb. 27, 2005. Not surprisingly, the terminology used in Article 53 is the same as in the Russian Civil Code.
Before the new legislation came into force, franchising was mostly unregulated in Belarus. There was only one article in the Civil Code that referred to franchising. This rather unhelpfully provided that franchising could only be used 'in cases, provided by the legislation.' As the law did not provide for the use of franchising, most companies used 'licensing agreements' instead to govern their contractual relationships.
The DOJ's Corporate Enforcement Policy: One Year Later
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
The DOJ's New Parameters for Evaluating Corporate Compliance Programs
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
Use of Deferred Prosecution Agreements In White Collar Investigations
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
Bankruptcy Sales: Finding a Diamond In the Rough
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.
A Lawyer's System for Active Reading
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.