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Personal Conduct Exclusions in D&O Policies: The Limited Reach

By Andrew M. Reidy and Kyle S. Cohen
July 30, 2007

Virtually every directors' and officers' ('D&O') insurance policy contains personal conduct exclusions. Insurers frequently rely on such exclusions to deny or limit coverage. For example, in many of the recent claims involving financial restatements or stock options, D&O insurers have asserted that the personal conduct exclusions, such as those relating to illegal profit, deliberate fraud, and deliberate criminal acts, diminish or preclude coverage. Although insurers frequently rely on these personal conduct exclusions, the personal conduct exclusions are, in practice, limited in scope and application. This article highlights some of the key limitations.

Personal conduct exclusions are often invoked to avoid coverage for any type of illegal conduct. A few examples of 'personal conduct' exclusions are:

The Insurer shall not be liable to make any payment for Loss in connection with any Claim made against an Insured:

(a) arising out of, based upon or attributable to the gaining in fact of any profit or advantage to which the Insured was not legally entitled;

(b) arising out of, based upon or attributable to payments to an Insured of any remuneration without the previous approval of the shareholders or members of an Organization, which payment without such previous approval shall be held to have been illegal;

(c) arising out of, based upon or attributable to the committing in fact of any deliberate criminal or deliberate fraudulent act by the Insured …

In analyzing these exclusions, one should consider whether the exclusions are being asserted in the context of the insurer's defense obligation or indemnity obligation.

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