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The Ever-Changing Custody Rights of Non-Biological Parents

By David M. Rosoff
October 31, 2007

The law concerning the custody rights of biological parents is complex and continually evolving and, along with that, the rights of non-biological parents are also in flux. Within the basic framework that supports the superior custodial rights of a biological parent, there may be many misconceptions and uncertainties about what set of facts may support custody for a non-parent. The implications of a non-parent having long-term de facto custody and the effect of a prior order of custody have been addressed in recent court decisions.

The leading case on this issue is Bennett v. Jeffreys, 40 NY2d 543 (1976), which states, in pertinent part: 'The parent has a 'right' to rear its child, and the child has a 'right' to be reared by its parent.' In order to protect these rights of parent and child, the Court of Appeals created a high threshold for a non-parent petitioner: 'The State may not deprive a parent of the custody of a child absent surrender, abandonment, persisting neglect, unfitness or other like extraordinary circumstances.'

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