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The upgrades seen with version 4.5 (or the third prong of the Trident) include the 'loose file' handling capability that many electronic discovery professionals have been requesting. Loose files are the Microsoft Office, PDF, or other files that users create and store within folders on their computers, network shared folders, external storage devices and so on. Loose files exist outside of a traditional mailstore container (like an Outlook PST or Lotus Notes NSF file) and may be placed anywhere on the storage medium at the discretion of the user. From the electronic discovery processing professional's point of view, separating the user-generated content from the standard (and oftentimes ignorable) operating system files can be a difficult and time-consuming task.
Trident Pro's version 4.5 offers de-NISTing and new de-duplicating features. Let's talk about de-NISTing. What is it? De-NISTing is the process whereby an application uses published hash sets to identify system files and other ignorable files. Why is de-NISTing important? More frequently these days, entire hard drives are being forensically collected, preserved and processed. While this approach is a good one because it preserves all the data as it existed during the regular course of business and at a specific period in time, it also preserves all the operating system files. With operating system and other ignorable files often taking up approximately 65%-85% of a hard drive's active data, it is essential to identify and exclude these ignorable files as early into the process as is feasible. The National Institute of Standards and Technology ('NIST') publishes a quarterly update of known system and ignorable file hashes. This quarterly update is the product of the National Software Reference Library ('NSRL') and is freely downloadable from www. nsrl.nist.gov/Downloads.htm. So, why not just tell your electronic discovery vendor to ignore files with a .dll or .exe or other system file extension? It is very easy for a user to hide data by changing the file extension of an incriminating document to .dll or .exe and storing it in a program folder. Unfortunately, in an attempt to save time and money, these system file or program file folders are ignored. Trident Pro version 4.5 now allows the electronic discovery professional to defensibly exclude files based upon MD5 and SHA hashes of known system files, which are published by the NIST.
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.
Why is it that those who are best skilled at advocating for others are ill-equipped at advocating for their own skills and what to do about it?
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.
Blockchain domain names offer decentralized alternatives to traditional DNS-based domain names, promising enhanced security, privacy and censorship resistance. However, these benefits come with significant challenges, particularly for brand owners seeking to protect their trademarks in these new digital spaces.
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.