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An Exception That Could Swallow the Rule of Qualified Immunity

By Jon T. Neumann
September 29, 2009

Attorneys have historically enjoyed a measure of immunity that shields them from suits by non-clients for alleged injury arising from legal advice provided to their clients. Yet the existence of immunity has not dissuaded non-clients from filing suit, and many have sought compensation from attorneys for harm allegedly flowing from the application of their legal advice, especially where the attorney's former client cannot be found or has become judgment proof. In response to such suits, courts have narrowed the scope of attorney immunity in what might be considered foreseeable ways, for example by recognizing exceptions where the attorney and non-client are found to be in a quasi'attorney-client relationship, or where the attorney was acting in his or her own self-interest and beyond the bounds of any attorney-client relationship.

Courts' application of these exceptions has been limited and fact specific. Exceptions are most often found where an attorney has failed to properly draft a will or trust for a known and intended beneficiary, where the attorney was found to have competing duties between a corporation, its board, and its shareholders, and where the attorney was acting for his own self-interest rather than, or in addition to, the interests of his client. Courts have, however, strictly applied attorney immunity in adversarial situations and rarely if ever find an attorney liable to an adverse party in a litigation situation. Consequently, attorneys acting within the proper scope of the attorney-client relationship can generally provide legal advice to their clients without fear of incurring potential liability to those they are not representing, especially during litigation or other demonstrably adversarial settings.

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