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Texas Takes the Lead on Notice Disputes Under Claims-Made Liability Policies

By Gregory H. Horowitz and Mark D. Villanueva

A common requirement in both occurrence and claims-made liability insurance policies is that policyholders provide “timely notice” of an accident, occurrence, claim or lawsuit ' often “as soon as practicable.” Although specific notice provisions vary among different liability policies, the purported purpose of these notice requirements is to enable insurance companies to investigate and respond to claims. See Ostrager & Newman, Handbook on Insurance Coverage Disputes, Vol. 1, ' 4.01[a] at 135 (14th ed. 2008).

In some jurisdictions, insurance companies used to be able to successfully deny coverage based on a policyholder's failure to comply strictly with notice provisions, even if the carrier could not demonstrate any prejudice by virtue of the delay. See, e.g., Argo Corp. v. Greater N.Y. Mut. Ins. Co., 827 N.E.2d 762, 765 (N.Y. 2005); Great Canal Realty Corp. v. Seneca Insurance Co., Inc., 833 N.E.2d 1196 (N.Y. 2005); Unigard Sec. Ins. Co. v. N. River Ins. Co., 594 N.E.2d 571, 573 (N.Y. 1992); Sec. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Acker-Fitzsimmons Corp., 293 N.E.2d 76 (N.Y. 1972); Travelers Indem. Co. of Illinois v. United Food and Commercial Workers Int'l Union, 770 A.2d 978, 991 (D.C. 2001); Viani v. Aetna Ins. Co., 501 P.2d 706 (Idaho 1972), overruled in part on other grounds, Sloviaczek v. Estate of Puckett, 565 P.2d 564 (Idaho 1977); Country Mutual Ins. Co. v. Livorsi Marine, Inc., 856 N.E.2d 338, 346 (Ill. 2006); State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v. Cassinelli, 216 P.2d 606 (Nev. 1950). Over the years, however, courts in many jurisdictions followed the trend of relaxing those rules requiring strict compliance with notice provisions and instead applied a “prejudice” standard, particularly in disputes involving occurrence-based liability policies.

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