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Pennsylvania Choice of Law Clause Works in California
In Portnoy v. Dollar Financial Corp., Bus. Franchise Guide (CCH), 14, 252 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 11, 2009), a We The People franchisee sued the franchisor and parent companies in California. The franchise agreement had a Pennsylvania choice-of-law provision because the franchisor and parent were Pennsylvania companies. It also had an arbitration agreement requiring arbitration in Pennsylvania. Under the arbitration clause, the arbitrator's authority was limited to the extent he or she could not extend, modify, or suspend the terms of the agreement or stay, rescind, or postpone any termination. Further, damages were limited to actual damages; no others, including punitive damages or lost profits, could be awarded. The franchisor moved to compel arbitration, and the franchisee argued that the arbitration agreement was unconscionable because it required arbitration in Pennsylvania, contrary to the California Franchise Relations Act, and because of the two other provisions discussed above. The court granted the motion and upheld the arbitration provision based on Pennsylvania law.
Why is it that those who are best skilled at advocating for others are ill-equipped at advocating for their own skills and what to do about it?
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.
Blockchain domain names offer decentralized alternatives to traditional DNS-based domain names, promising enhanced security, privacy and censorship resistance. However, these benefits come with significant challenges, particularly for brand owners seeking to protect their trademarks in these new digital spaces.