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New York's No Prejudice Rule

By Elaine Panagakos
July 29, 2013

New York law has traditionally been more faithful than that of many jurisdictions to the principle that an insurance contract, like any other, is “to be construed according to the sense and meaning” of its terms and, if those terms are clear and unambiguous, they are to be “taken and understood in their plain, ordinary, and proper sense.” Preston v. Aetna Insurance Co., 193 N.Y. 142 (1908).

As the New York Court of Appeals once more colorfully put it, “Unless we are prepared to adopt the theory of the cynic that language was invented for the purpose of concealing thought, we have no right to disregard the clear provisions which defendant inserted in the policy and which plaintiff accepted.” Johnson v. Travelers Insurance Co., 269 N.Y. 401 (1936). This respect for the written word in the contract of insurance has resulted in New York's rule that an insured which breaches a policy condition is barred from recovery in the same manner as any other contracting party which breaches
a condition of a contract, without any attendant requirement that the insurer demonstrate prejudice as a result of the breach. As succinctly stated by Justice Cardozo, “When the condition was broken, the policy was at an end[.]” Coleman v. New Amsterdam Casualty Co., 247 N.Y. 271, 277 (1928).

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