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For many decades, U.S. institutional investors and large bond insurers have viewed the general obligation (GO) municipal bonds from rated investment grade municipalities as a much higher value investment vehicle than an illiquid municipal lease subject to annual appropriation. Have the recent large municipal bankruptcies and the increasing recognition of underfunded pension funds improved the attractiveness of the less liquid municipal lease? In the current climate, with cities like Stockton, CA, and Detroit, MI, causing concern for municipal investors, are the municipal lease and its annual appropriation risk are now more secure because of the fully assigned security in the municipality's essential equipment?
In the wake of the recession, unprecedented large U.S. city bankruptcies are emerging, under significantly different circumstances than previous municipal bankruptcies. The Great Recession put more declining revenue pressure on most municipal entities due to generally lower property tax revenue and a reduction in grants and revenue sharing from U.S. federal and state sources, which had been relatively stable or increasing for decades. On a national scale, the 10 worst housing markets saw declines of at least 55% from their peak (NBC News, Sept. 26, 2012).
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
There's current litigation in the ongoing Beach Boys litigation saga. A lawsuit filed in 2019 against Nevada residents Mike Love and his wife Jacquelyne in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada that alleges inaccurate payment by the Loves under the retainer agreement and seeks $84.5 million in damages.
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
The real property transfer tax does not apply to all leases, and understanding the tax rules of the applicable jurisdiction can allow parties to plan ahead to avoid unnecessary tax liability.