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The Scope and Limits of Article 9

By Frank Peretore
August 02, 2014

When one thinks of personal property collateral, one surely thinks of Article 9 of the U.C.C. Article 9 covers not only the obvious types of personal property collateral like equipment and chattel paper, but it also covers many types of collateral one might not have expected, such as commercial tort claims, certain health care insurance receivables, letters of credit, nonpossessory statutory agricultural liens, public finance transactions, security interests arising under Articles 2, 2A, 4 and 5 of the U.C.C., software and supporting obligations. Article 9 even applies to consignments and sales of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles and promissory notes. Despite its breadth, however, there are many types of personal property excluded from Article 9. Additionally, in some cases, Article 9 applies only in part, such as where it defers to specific state or federal laws for perfection or priority issues, but still governs enforcement.

The following is a discussion of the three major categories of personal property liens excluded from Article 9, in whole or in part.

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