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Federal Courts Are Policing Their Borders In Declaratory Actions

By Jessica F. Pardi
November 02, 2014

When instituting a declaratory action for insurance coverage, many litigants prefer federal courts over state courts. The reasons include faster-moving dockets, and the experience of federal judges. Preferences aside, federal courts must have subject matter jurisdiction to decide a declaratory action, and are tasked with policing their own jurisdiction if such issue is not raised by a party. The Federal Declaratory Judgment Act creates only a remedy, not a basis for jurisdiction. Either diversity jurisdiction or federal question jurisdiction must still exist to pursue a declaratory judgment action in federal court, and courts increasingly are questioning jurisdiction and dismissing declaratory actions on their own initiative.

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