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In April 2014, the media ignited a firestorm of controversy over General Mills' decision to modify its online Privacy Policy and Legal Terms to include a mandatory arbitration provision. The proviso required consumers who downloaded or printed coupons, “joined an online community,” subscribed to an e-mail newsletter, redeemed a promotion, or participated in any “offering” to forego their right to sue the company in court and instead submit to private, binding arbitration to resolve any disputes with the company. In the face of the outcry over this policy change, the company reversed course and restored its prior legal terms, which contained no mention of arbitration.
The media's vilification of the policy change once again brings to the forefront the tension and competing interests between class action litigation and the freedom to contract to arbitrate. This tension has existed since the Federal Arbitration Act was enacted in 1925 and, much to the chagrin of class action litigation proponents, the expansive reach of mandatory arbitration has gained a strong foothold in recent years, due to the overwhelmingly pro-arbitration precedent established by the Supreme Court in its Concepcion and Italian Colors decisions, which express a clear federal policy in favor of enforcing class action waivers contained in arbitration agreements.
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.