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New York's Insurance Notice Statute and Contractual Choice of Law

By Michael T. Sharkey
February 28, 2015

Two recent decisions have held that despite an express choice-of-law clause selecting New York law to apply to an insurance policy, a policyholder is not entitled to the protection of New York's statute requiring an insurance company to show prejudice before coverage is forfeited on the grounds of late notice, unless the policy was also issued or delivered in New York. These decisions are contrary to the general rule that a contractual choice-of-law clause should be read as selecting the substantive law of a particular state, and not its conflict-of-law rules. The “issued or delivered” language of the notice-prejudice statute is a conflict-of-law provision, and so does not apply to limit the statute's scope when the parties already have selected the substantive law of New York to apply to their contract. Nevertheless, given the recent case law disregarding this rule, policyholders should review carefully the wording of any choice-of-law clauses in their insurance policies, particularly when selecting New York law.

Despite Express New York Choice-of-Law Clauses, Courts Have Declined to Apply NY's Notice-Prejudice Statute

Insurance policies typically contain provisions requiring prompt notice to the insurance company of an event that could lead to coverage under the policy. There is a well-known split, though by now very lopsided, among U.S. jurisdictions as to whether an insurance company can succeed in barring coverage based on untimely notice if it has not suffered prejudice from the timing of notice. The majority and modern trend is for jurisdictions to apply the “notice-prejudice rule,” and hold that an insurance company cannot succeed on a late notice defense absent actual prejudice. See, e.g., Prince George's Cnty. v. Local Gov't Ins. Trust, 879 A.2d 81, 94 n.9 (Md. 2005) (collecting cases). A minority of jurisdictions follow the “no-prejudice rule,” and hold that coverage can be denied based on late notice even in the absence of any harm to the insurance company. Id .

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