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Non-Reliance Disclaimers and Anti-Waiver Provisions
A number of conflicting decisions over the past year and a half concerning whether provisions prohibiting waiver of duties or liabilities under the New York Franchise Act prohibit franchisors from interposing franchisee “non-reliance” franchise agreement disclaimers when confronting fraud actions brought under the Act makes clear that this critical area of law will remain muddied until New York's appellate courts, and conceivably the Court of Appeals, decisively rule on the subject.
“Non-reliance” franchise agreement disclaimers are provisions in a franchise agreement, pre-signing questionnaire or separate writing (letter, franchisee “acknowledgement” or franchisee attestation) in which a franchisee acknowledges that, other than representations set forth in the franchisor's Franchise Disclosure Document and franchise agreement, the franchisee did not rely on any representations that may have been made in the franchise sales process regarding a specific subject or subjects, most commonly financial performance representations (how much money, on average, franchised or company-owned units gross or net) or guarantees of success.
Activity and Confusion
Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Stranger to the Deed Rule
In 1987, a unanimous Court of Appeals reaffirmed the vitality of the "stranger to the deed" rule, which holds that if a grantor executes a deed to a grantee purporting to create an easement in a third party, the easement is invalid. Daniello v. Wagner, decided by the Second Department on November 29th, makes it clear that not all grantors (or their lawyers) have received the Court of Appeals' message, suggesting that the rule needs re-examination.