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SCOTUS Set to Address Circuit Split in Interpreting CFAA
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) is the sort of broadly worded criminal statute which gives white-collar prosecutors considerable power — and makes defense counsel and judges uneasy. The law prohibits obtaining information by "access[ing] a computer without authorization or exceed[ing] authorized access." Computer hacking — "access[ing] a computer without authorization" — clearly violates the law. But the meaning of the other operative words, "or exceed[ing] authorized access," is not so clear.
The different ways of interpreting the statute have led to a split in the Courts of Appeals. Four circuits have read the statute broadly: An individual "exceeds authorized access" when she accesses a computer and obtains information for an improper purpose, even if the person's access to the information is authorized. Four other circuits have read the statute narrowly: An individual "exceeds authorized access" only if she obtains information that she is not allowed to access, even if the purpose is improper. In practical terms, if a company Human Resources officer peeks at sensitive information out of idle curiosity, not because of work, would that be a crime because of the improper purpose, or would it not be a crime because the HR officer had the authority to review personnel files?
The DOJ's New Parameters for Evaluating Corporate Compliance Programs
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
The DOJ's Corporate Enforcement Policy: One Year Later
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
Use of Deferred Prosecution Agreements In White Collar Investigations
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
Bankruptcy Sales: Finding a Diamond In the Rough
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.
A Lawyer's System for Active Reading
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.