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In October 2023, the United Kingdom created a new strict liability crime as part of its ongoing effort to clamp down on corporate fraud. Modeled after the UK’s strict liability offenses for failure to prevent bribery and tax evasion, the failure to prevent fraud offense (FTPF offense) holds companies liable for frauds committed by their employees, agents, and other individuals who provide services on their behalf, even if the company did not authorize or know about the fraudulent conduct. Companies do not have to be based in the UK to face liability under the FTPF offense. The statute applies to conduct with a UK nexus or that causes harm in the UK, regardless of where the company is located.
Like the failure to prevent bribery and tax evasion statutes, the FTPF offense includes an affirmative defense: companies that show they had reasonable fraud prevention procedures in place at the time of the alleged misconduct can escape liability. In new guidance released in November 2024, the UK government detailed what it considers reasonable fraud prevention procedures; that is, how a company can establish the reasonableness of its compliance program in order to potentially avoid liability under the FTPF offense.
According to Nick Ephgrave, Director of the UK Serious Fraud Office: “The publication of this guidance means that time is running short for corporations to get their house in order or face criminal investigation.” The good news is that companies that have tailored their compliance programs to the US Department of Justice’s Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs (ECCP), which US federal prosecutors use when making corporate criminal charging decisions, have a good head start. The foundational components of effective compliance programs under the ECCP are similar to the reasonable fraud prevention procedures outlined in the UK guidance. However, companies with connections to the UK cannot merely start and finish with the ECCP, which evaluates the effectiveness of compliance programs to identify and prevent criminal misconduct more generally. Rather the UK guidance contains several procedures and best practices specifically geared towards fraud prevention that the ECCP does not include. Companies with UK connections now need to make sure that their compliance programs account for these anti-fraud procedures and best practices as well.
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