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The right to adopt controls on the use of land in New York, although derived from the state's power, has largely devolved to local municipal governments through New York's Town Law and Village Law, and similar legislation for cities. There are areas, however, where the state still exercises control, frequently as general oversight in perceived problem areas -- coastal erosion and flood zones for example. The state also exercised its power, beginning in 1960, to allow for the creation of county-wide planning boards, to allow for the input of regional and county-wide considerations in local land use decisions.

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Congress approved legislation on July 22 that aims to strip the federal courts of the ability to decide cases challenging the federal Defense of Marriage Act. Proponents of the largely Republican-backed bill, the Marriage Protection Act of 2004 (H.R. 3313), indicate it is necessary to keep federal courts from invalidating the part of the act that says states can't be forced to recognize same-sex marriages entered into in other states. They say state courts should be the exclusive forums for challenges to the act because states have traditionally decided who shall be allowed to marry within their jurisdictions.

Although statistics tell us the rates of teenage pregnancy in the United States are going down, the number of underage parents is still high as compared with generations past. More than a few parents will find themselves having to deal with the news that their teenager will soon make them a grandparent. Some may choose to help raise that grandchild by obtaining legal custody over it. Over time, because they may be doing the bulk of (or all of) the child rearing and are probably providing the grandchild with much of its financial support, such grandparents may come to think of their grandchild as one of their own. Any interruption of that relationship could prove traumatic, both for the grandparent and for the grandchild. Many grandparents who gain custody of a grandchild -- usually with the consent of one or both of the child's parents -- believe they have acquired rights over the child that they'll retain unless they voluntarily give him/her up. This is not the case, and grandparents (or aunts, uncles, etc.) in such custodial situations must be made aware of the limited rights they acquire when they obtain mere legal custody over a child, as opposed to adopting it.

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Historically, the concept of "exclusive occupancy" during the course of a matrimonial proceeding has been based on the claims of one spouse that the other is physically violent or otherwise poses a great risk to the spouse seeking possession of the marital residence. While the children are often named as possible or actual victims as well, the concept of the children's best interests has not been associated with an order of <i>pendente lite</i> exclusive occupancy.

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